Missing In Action

Winter 1938.

The worshippers in Moscow’s Choral Synagogue cast worried glances toward the doors and windows but there was no movement outside just the bleak black wintry horizon in this frozen city. The rabbi’s tardiness was uncharacteristic and fear began to gnaw at their hearts. Why was he late? Had something happened to him? In Moscow of 1938 disappearing was a common as crossing the street. Millions had already been killed or exiled in Stalin’s “Great Purge.”

Since Comrade Stalin the “sun of the nations” had risen to power the frozen air outside had reached their hearts as well. The mysterious absence of their rabbi Rav Shmaryahu Yehuda Leib Medalia did little to thaw their fear.

In 1938 although Rav Medalia had officially served as the rav of Moscow for the previous five years as the Russian Torah world began to fall apart he had become the unofficial leader of all of Soviet Jewry.

With the rise of Communism during the 1920s gedolei Torah soon realized the grave danger to the Jewish future in Russia. But while many fled to safer shores to preserve Torah scholarship and escape prison exile and death there were those who remained to ensure that those millions of Jews trapped behind the walls of the new regime still retained some Jewish connection. The sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn encouraged his chassidim to stay in Russia as guardians of the nation creating a network of underground yeshivos to preserve Torah in the gulag. After his own commuted death sentence and banishment from Russia he eventually moved to Poland until World War II and remained at the helm of his underground network.