The shtetl of Kobryn in the Brisk district enjoyed a rich Jewish history. In the mid-19th century it was the center of Lithuanian chassidus, with the establishment of the court of Rav Moshe Polier of Kobryn. A student of Rav Mordechai and Rav Noach of Lechovich (Lachowicze), his primary chassid Rav Avraham Weinberg founded the Slonim dynasty, while his own descendants continued the Kobryn dynasty.
In 1879 Rav Pesach Pruskin, a descendant of Rav Moshe of Kobryn, was born in the vicinity of the town. After studying in Radin under the Chofetz Chaim, he proceeded to Slabodka, where he was selected by Rav Nosson Tzvi Finkel, the Alter of Slabodka, to be one of the 14 Yad Hachazakah founders of the yeshivah in Slutzk. He eventually was hired as the mashgiach in Slutzk, and left in 1908 for Shklov, where he founded his own yeshivah. One of the talmidim who followed him to Shklov was a young Rav Moshe Feinstein.
In 1911, Rav Pesach was appointed rabbi of Amstzislav (Mstislavl), and the yeshivah moved with him. This was one of the only yeshivos that remained stable in its home surroundings throughout the upheavals of World War I. The Amstzislav yeshivah valiantly attempted to maintain its position under the Bolsheviks, but was ultimately forced to steal across the border into Poland in 1923–24. Rav Pesach Pruskin reestablished the yeshivah in his old hometown of Kobryn. With Rav Pruskin’s appointment as rabbi of the town in 1924, the yeshivah began to enjoy the support of the local population and subsequently grew in numbers and prestige.
It was in around 1930 that a young 16-year-old from nearby Brisk arrived in Kobryn. He was a son of a Brisk melamed, and his name was Aharon Leib Steiman. He had arrived from the Toras Chesed Yeshivah in Brisk of Rav Moshe Sokolovsky. He spent less than a year in Kobryn before returning to his alma mater.
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